fter this I beheld thousands of thousands, and myriads of myriads, and an infinite number of people, standing before the Lord of spirits.
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2. On the four wings likewise of the Lord of spirits, on the four sides, I perceived others, besides those who were standing
before him. Their names, too, I know; because the angel, who proceeded with me, declared them to me, discovering to me every secret thing.
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3. Then I heard the voices of those upon the four sides magnifying the Lord of glory.
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4. The first voice blessed the Lord of spirits for ever and for ever.
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5. The second voice I heard blessing the Elect One, and the elect who suffer on account of the Lord of spirits.
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6. The third voice I heard petitioning and praying for those who dwell upon earth, and supplicate the name of the Lord of spirits.
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7. The fourth voice I heard expelling the impious angels,
(40) and prohibiting them from entering into the presence of the Lord of spirits, to prefer accusations against
(41) the inhabitants of the earth.
(40) Impious angels. Literally, "the Satans" (Laurence, p. 45; Knibb, p. 128). Ha-satan in Hebrew ("the adversary") was originally the title of an office, not the name of an angel. (41) Prefer accusations against. Or, "to accuse" (Charles, p. 119). Compare
8. After this I besought the angel of peace, who proceeded with me, to explain all that was concealed. I said to him, Who are those
whom I have seen on the four sides, and who words I have heard and written down?
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9. He replied, The first is the merciful, the patient, the holy Michael. The second is he who
presides over every suffering and every affliction of the sons of men, the holy Raphael. The third, who
presides over all that is powerful, is Gabriel. And the fourth, who
presides over repentance, and the hope of those who will inherit eternal life, is Phanuel. These are the four angels of the most high God, and their four voices, which at that time I heard.
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